35 Python script examples

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Python is a common and in-demand programming language these days because it can create applications ranging from easy to complex. This article is for those new to Python programming and want to learn it from the ground up in a short amount of time.

Python script examples

This article explains 35 python script examples using straightforward examples to help you learn Python’s fundamentals.

Create and run the first python script

You don’t need to create a python file to write and run a simple python script from the terminal. You can simply access the python console and run it there directly. To access the python console, open the terminal (Ctrl +Alt + T on ubuntu) and run the ‘python’ or ‘python3’ commands to open Python in interaction mode and execute any script from the terminal.

tuts@fosslinux:~$ python3

If the script is long, it will need to be written and saved in a python file using any editor. To write the script, you can use any text editor or code editor, such as PyCharm, sublime, Spyder, Visual Studio Code, or any IDE program designed specifically for Python.

The python file has the .py extension.

The python scripts in this article are written using Python 3.9 and the Python PyCharm IDE. To use it, you must first install the PyCharm IDE on your device. Thus, this article’s demo scripts will be saved with a .py extension and triggered using the python3 command followed by the script’s name on the terminal. For instance,

python3 example_script.py

1. Pig Latin Translator script

A pig Latin refers to a combination of rules that changes the text in a particular language to make it difficult to understand for someone who is not trained.

Save the script to a file called latin_translator.py with the following code.

# latin_translator.py 

#request user for input
user_input = input("Input text to translate to pig latin: ")
print("User Text: ", user_input)

# This step breaks the words into a list
updated_user_input = user_input.split(' ')

for j in updated_user_input:
 if len(j) >= 3: #only translate words with more than 3 characters
  j = j + "%say" % (j[0]) 
  j = j[1:]
  print(j)
 else:
  pass

To execute latin_translator.py from the terminal, type the following code.

python3 latin_translator.py

After running the code, the terminal will display the following output.

2. Script to Reverse a Number

The script seeks to reverse the value of a number. In this case, the solution entails:

1. Take the integer’s value and store it in a variable.
2. Get each digit of the number and store the reversed number in another variable using a while loop.
3. Write the number backward.
4. Get out of there.

Save the script to a file called reverse_number.py with the following code.

# reverse_number.py

user_input=int(input("Enter the number to reverse: "))
_rev=0
while(user_input>0):
  dig=user_input%10
  _rev=_rev*10+dig
  user_input=user_input//10
print("The reversed number is :",_rev)

After running the code, the terminal will display the following output.

3. Joining two strings

In Python, there are a variety of ways to join string values. This is called string concatenation.

The ‘+’ operator is the simplest way to combine two string values in Python.

To learn how to connect two strings, build a python script with the following script.

Two string values are allocated to two variables, with a third variable used to store the joined values, which will be printed later.

Save the script to a file called join_strings.py with the following code.

# join_strings.py

string1 = "my"
string2 = "work"

joined_string = string1 +string2

print(joined_string)

After running the script, the following output will appear.

The words “my” and “work” are combined here, and the result is “mywork”

4. In a given range, print odd numbers

This is an automation process that would otherwise be tedious and time-consuming to complete manually. The software prints all odd numbers within a given range using the upper and lower limits.

The solution to the Issue:

1. Take the upper and lower range limits and store them separately in variables.
2. Build a for-loop that covers the lower to upper range limits.
3. Finally, use an if statement to determine if the number is odd or even, and then print the result.
4. exit

Save the script to a file called print_odd_numbers.py with the following code.

# print_odd_numbers.py

lower_limit=int(input("Enter the lower limit for the range:"))
upper_limit=int(input("Enter the upper limit for the range:"))
for j in range(lower_limit,upper_limit+1):
if(j%2!=0):
print(j)

After running the script, the following output will appear.

5: Format a floating-point number in a string

Programming requires floating-point numbers to generate fractional numbers, and formatting the floating-point number for programming purposes is often necessary.

In Python, there are various ways to format a floating-point number. The following script formats a floating-point number using string formatting and string interpolation.

In string formatting, the format() method with format width is used, and string interpolation uses the “percent” symbol with the format with width.

Five digits are set before the decimal point, and two digits are set after the decimal point, according to the formatting distance.

Save the script to a file called floating_point_number.py with the following code.

# floating_point_number.py

# application of String Formatting 
first_val= 365.48951
print("String Formatting : {:5.2f}".format(first_val))

# application of String Interpolation
second_val= 365.48951
print("String Interpolation: %5.2f" % second_val)

After executing, the output will appear as follows.

6. Raise a number by a factor

There are many ways to measure the x^n in Python. Three methods for calculating x^n in Python are shown in the script below.

The x^n is calculated using the double ‘*’ operator, the pow() method, and the math.pow() method. Numeric values are used to initialize the values of x and n.

The methods double ‘*’ and pow() are used to calculate integer values’ power. math.pow() can be used to measure the power of fractional numbers, as seen in the script’s final section.

Save the script to a file called raise_number_factor.py with the following code.

# raise_number_factor.py

import math

# initialize x and n with values
x = 4
n = 3

# approach 1
result_val = x ** n
print("%d raised to the power %d is %d" % (x,n,result_val))

# approach 2
result_val = pow(x,n)
print("%d raised to the power %d is %d" % (x,n,result_val))

# approach 3
result_val = math.pow(x,n)
print("%d raised to the power %d is %5.2f" % (x,n,result_val))

After running the script, the following output will appear.

7. Working with Boolean types

The following script demonstrates the various uses of Boolean types. The value ‘value_one’ will be printed in the first output, which is the Boolean value valid. Here, only zero returns false as a Boolean value, while all positive and negative numbers return true.

On the other hand, the second and third outputs will print real for both positive and negative numbers.

Since the comparison operator returns false, the fourth output will print false for 0, and the fifth output will also print false.

Save the script to a file called boolean_types.py with the following code.

# boolean_types.py

# Boolean value
value_one = True
print("boolean value: ",value_one)

# Number to Boolean
number_to_boolean = 10
print("number to boolean: ",bool(number_to_boolean))

num_val = -5
print("negative number: ",bool(num_val))

num_val = 0
print("number is equal to zero: ",bool(num_val))

# Boolean from comparison operator
val_1 = 6
val_2 = 3
print("boolean from comparison operator: ", val_1 < val_2)

After running the script, the following output will appear.

8. Usage of a conditional statement, if-else

The following script demonstrates how to use a conditional statement, if-else, in Python. Note that in Python, the if-else argument is declared a little differently than in other languages.

In Python, unlike other languages, curly brackets are not needed to define the if-else block, but the indentation block must be used correctly, or the script will fail.

The script uses a simple if-else argument to verify if the number variable’s value is greater than or equal to 70 or not. After the if and else blocks, a colon(:) is used to mark the block’s beginning.

Save the script to a file called conditional_if_else.py with the following code.

# conditional_if_else.py


# initialize num_val with a numeric value
num_val = 40

# Check if num_val is more than 50 or not
if (num_val > 50):
  print("you scored above average")
else:
  print("You scored below average")

After running the script, the following output will appear.

9. Usage of AND and OR operators in a conditional statement

The following script illustrates how to use AND and OR operators in a conditional statement.

The AND operator returns true if both conditions are true, and the OR operator returns true if either of the two conditions is true. As practical and theory signs, two floating-point numbers will be used.

The if the argument uses both AND and OR operators.

According to the condition, the ‘if’ statement will return true if the practical marks are greater than 40. The theory marks are greater than or equal to 30, or if the sum of practical and theory marks is greater than or equal to 70.

Save the script to a file called and_or_operators.py with the following code.

# practical marks
practical_marks = float(input("Enter the practical marks: "))
# theory marks
theory_marks = float(input("Enter the theory marks: "))

# use AND and OR operator to Check if it passes the condition 
if (practical_marks >= 40 and theory_marks >= 30) or (practical_marks + theory_marks) >=70:
  print("\nYou are successful")
else:
  print("\nYou are not successful")

The output appears as shown below:

Accordingly, the if statement returns false for the input values 30 and 35. But true for the input values 40 and 45.

10. Switch case statement

Python does not have a switch-case statement like other programming languages, but a custom function may enforce it.

In the following script, the job_details() function is generated to operate in the same way as the switch-case argument.

The feature has just one parameter and a switcher dictionary. Each index of the dictionary is tested for the value of the function parameter.

If a match is found, the function will return the index’s corresponding value; otherwise, the switcher’s second parameter value.get() method will be returned.

Save the script to a file called switch_case_statement.py with the following code.

# switch_case_statement.py

# Switcher for implementing switch case options
def job_details(ID):
switcher = {
"100": "Job Description: Software Engineer",
"200": "Job Description: Lawyer", 
"300": "Job Description: Graphics Designer",
}
'''The first argument will be returned if the match found and
nothing will be returned if no match found'''

return switcher.get(ID, "nothing")

# Take the job ID
job_id = input("Enter the job ID: ")
# Print the output
print(job_details(job_id))

If a match is made, the first argument will be returned; if no match is found, nothing will be returned – return the switcher.

Accordingly, the script is run twice, and two job descriptions are printed based on the job id’s values as shown.

11. While loop

The use of a while loop in Python is demonstrated using the following example.

The colon(:) is used to describe the loop’s starting block, and all loop statements must be indented properly; otherwise, an indentation error will occur.

The counter value is set to 1 in the following script, which is used in the loop. And the loop will iterate five times, printing the counter values after each iteration.

To enter the loop’s termination state, the counter value is incremented by one in each iteration.

Save the script to a file called while_loop.py with the following code.

# while_loop.py

# Initialize counter value
counter_val = 1
# Iterate the loop 10 times
while counter_val < 11:
  # Print the counter value
  print ("counter value: %d" % counter_val)
  # Increment the counter_val
  counter_val = counter_val + 1

After running the script, the following output will appear.

12. For loop

Python’s for loop can be used for many purposes. A colon must define this loop’s starting block (:), and the statements must be defined by proper indentation.

A list of weekday names is specified in the following script. And a for loop is used to iterate and print each item on the list. The len() method is also used to count the total number of items in the list and to set the range() function’s limit.

Save the script to a file called for_loop.py with the following code.

# Initialize the list
weekdays = ["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday","Wednesday", "Thursday","Friday", "Saturday"]
print("Seven Weekdays are:\n")
# Iterate the list using for loop
for day in range(len(weekdays)):
  print(weekdays[day])

After running the script, the following output will appear.

13. Running a Python script from another Python script

It is often necessary to use a python file’s script from another python file. It’s easy to do, just like importing any module with the import keyword. String values initialize two variables in the holidays.py file.

This file is imported with the alias ‘h’ in the run_python_script_from_another_script.py file. This is where you’ll find a list of month names.

The flag variable is used to print the value of the holiday_1 variable for October, November, and December only once.

The holiday_2 variable’s value will be printed for the month of ‘April.’

When the else part of the if-else if-else declaration is executed, the other nine-month names will be printed.

run_python_script_from_another_script.py is a Python script that allows you to use predefined values for the set holidays.

# Import another python script from holidays.py
import holidays as h

# month list
months = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
"July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]

# Initial _flag variable to print holiday one time
_flag = 0

# Iterate the list using for loop
for m in months:
  if m == "October" or m == "November" or m == "December":
   if _flag == 0:
     print(" ### Now",h.holiday_1)
     _flag = 1
   elif m == "April":
    print(" ### Now",h.holiday_2)
   else:
    print("The current month is",m)

Save the second script to a file called holidays.py with the following code.

# holidays.py

# holiday values
holiday_1 = "Long holiday break"
holiday_2 = "Short holiday break"

If you run the script without any command-line arguments, you’ll get the following output, which shows the script filename.

15. Regular expressions

Regular expressions, also known as regex, are used in Python to fit or scan for and replace specific parts of a string based on a template.

In Python, the ‘re’ module refers to the regular expression. The script below illustrates how to use regex in Python.

The pattern used in the script would fit strings that have a capital letter as the first character. In fact, the pattern will be matched with a string value using the match() process.

A success message will be printed if the method returns true; otherwise, an instructional message will be printed.

Save the script to a file called regular_expressions.py with the following code.

# regular_expressions.py

# Import re module
import re

# Take any string data
string_data = input("input a string : ")

# search pattern
search_pattern = '^[A-Z]'

# match the pattern with input value
_found = re.match(search_pattern, string_data)

# message printed is based on the return value

if _found:
  print("value starts with a capital letter")
else:
  print("Re-enter starting with a capital letter")

After running the script, the following output will appear.

16. Usage of getpass

getpass is a useful Python module for receiving password feedback from the user. The getpass module is illustrated in the following script below.

The getpass() method is used to take the input and convert it to a password. Besides, the if statement is used to compare the input value to the given password.

If the password matches, the message “you are authenticated” will appear; otherwise, the message “you are not authenticated” will appear.

Save the script to a file called get_pass.py with the following code.

# get_pass.py

# import getpass module
import getpass

# request user to input a password
passwd = getpass.getpass('Password:')

# validate the password entered by the user against the given password
if passwd == "password":
  print("authentication successful")
else:
  print("authentication failed ")

When the script is run from the terminal, the input value is not shown for other Linux passwords.

The script is run twice from the terminal. Once with an invalid password and once with a correct password, as shown in the diagram below.

17. Date format

The date value in Python can be formatted in many ways. The datetime module is used in the following script to set the existing and custom date values.

The current device date and time are read using the today() function. The formatted date value is then printed using the date object’s various property names.

The next section of the script demonstrates how to allocate and print a custom date value.

Save the script to a file called date_format.py with the following code.

# date_format.py

# program to format and print date using the library datetime

from datetime import date

# capture the date today
date_today = date.today()

# Print the formatted date
print("The date today is :%d-%d-%d" % (date_today.day,date_today.month,date_today.year))

# customize the given date
custom_date = date(2021, 4, 5)
print("The custom date is:",custom_date)

After running the script, the following output will appear.

18. Adding and deleting objects from a list

Python’s list object is used to solve many problems. To work with the list object, Python has several built-in functions.

The following example demonstrates how to add and delete new items from a list. The script declares a list of four objects.

• The Insert() method is used to add a new item to the list’s second location.
• The remove() method is used to find and remove a specific item from a list.

Following the insertion and deletion, the list is written.

Save the script to a file called list_methods.py with the following code.

# list_methods.py

# Declare a list of sports
sports = ["soccer","rugby","netball","volleyball"]

# Insert a new sport in the 3rd position
sports.insert(2, "table tennis")

# Resultant list after inserting
print("The sports list after insert:")
print(sports)

# Remove sport
sports.remove("netball")

# Print the sports list after delete
print("The sports list after delete:")
print(sports)

After running the script, the following output will appear.

19. List comprehension

List comprehension is a Python function that allows you to build a new list from any string, tuple, or another list.

The for loop and lambda function can be used to accomplish the same mission.

The script below demonstrates two separate applications of list comprehension – List comprehension is used to translate a string value into a list of characters.

A tuple is then translated to a list in the same manner.

Save the script to a file called list_comprehension.py with the following code.

# list_comprehension.py

# list of characters creation using list comprehension
build_char_list = [ char for char in "comprehension" ]
print(build_char_list)

# Define a tuple of multi-million companies
companies_tuple = ("Facebook","Google", "Twitter", "IBM","Apple", "HP", "DELL")

# use list comprehension to create a list from tuple 
companies_list = [ site for site in companies_tuple ]
print(companies_list)

After running the script, the following output will appear below.

20. Slice data

The slice() method in Python is used to cut a specific portion of a string. There are three parameters in this system – Start, stop, and phase is the three parameters.

The stop parameter is needed, while the other two parameters are optional. The slice() method is demonstrated with one, two, and three parameters in the following script. When only one parameter is defined in the slice() process, the required parameter stop is used.

The start and stop parameters are used when the two parameters are used in the slice() process. Finally, start, end, and phase parameters are used when all three parameters are used.

Save the script to a file called slice_data.py with the following code.

# slice_data.py

# string value assignment
_text = "slicing data details"

# use one parameter to Slice
slice_obj = slice(5)
print("one parameters: ",_text[slice_obj])

# use two parameters to Slice
slice_obj = slice(6,12)
print("two parameters: ",_text[slice_obj])

# use three parameters to Slice
slice_obj = slice(6,25,5)
print("three parameters: ", _text[slice_obj])

After running the script, the following output will appear. The argument value for the first slice() method is 5. It sliced the five text variables that are printed as output into five characters. Arguments 6 and 12 are used in the second slice() form. The slicing process begins at position six and ends after 12 characters.

The third slice() method takes three arguments: 6, 25, and 5. The slicing starts at position six and ends after 25 characters, with each move omitting five characters.

21. Add and search data in the dictionary

Like the associative array in other programming languages, the dictionary object is used in Python to store multiple data.

The following script demonstrates how to add a new item to the dictionary and scan for any item.

The script declares a dictionary of customer knowledge, with the index containing the sports ID and the meaning containing the sports name. After that, a new sports record is added to the dictionary’s end. To check the dictionary, a sports ID is used as input.

To iterate the dictionary’s indexes and check the dictionary’s input value, a for loop and an if condition is used.

Save the script to a file called add_search_data.py with the following code.

# add_search_data.py

# Define a dictionary
sports = {'100':'soccer','200':'rugby',
'300':'table tennis','400':'volleyball', '500':'Basketball'}

# Append a new data
sports['600'] = 'netball'

print("The sports names are:")
# Print the values of the dictionary
for sport in sports:
  print(sports[sport])

# Take sport ID as input to search
sport_name = input("Enter Sport ID:")

# Search the sport ID in the dictionary
for sport in sports:
  if sport == sport_name:
    print(sports[sport])
break

After running the script and selecting ‘3’,’400′ as the sport ID value, the following output will appear as:

22. Add and search data in a Python set

The script below demonstrates how to add and search data in a Python set. The script declares a set of integer data. To add new data to the package, use the add() method.

In a for loop and if condition, an integer value will be used to check for a set value.

Save the script to a file called add_search_data_in_python.py with the following code.

# add_search_data_in_python.py

# number set definition
number_set = {23, 90, 56, 78, 12, 34, 67}

# new data is added

number_set.add(50)

# set values printing
print(number_set)

_message = "that number is not available."

# request use for a number value for search
search_val = int(input("input a number:"))
# Search the number in the set
for val in number_set:
  if val == search_val:
   _message = "that number is available."
break

print(_message)

The script is run twice, once with the integer value 46 and once with 90. Herein, the number 46 isn’t found in the set, so “that number is not available.” is printed. However, the number 90 is found in the set, and the message “that number is available.” is printed.

The output of the above script appears as shown in the diagram below.

23. Count the number of items on the list

The count() method in Python is used to count how many times a string occurs in another string.

There are three possible claims. The first argument is needed, and it searches for a specific string within a larger string. The method’s other two arguments are used to restrict the search by specifying the search positions.

The count() method is used with one argument in the following script to measure the word “Python” in the string variable.

Save the script to a file called count_items_list.py with the following code.

# count_items_list.py

# string definition
string = 'Python learning apart from Java, Python, Kotlin PHP, Python & PERL'

# search string
search = 'Python'

# count value stored
count = string.count(search)

# formatted output Printed
print("%s appears %d times" % (search, count))

After running the script, the following output will appear.

24. Create a function and call it

The following script illustrates how to declare and call user-defined functions in Python.

Two functions are declared here. First, to measure the sum of two numbers and print the result, use the addition() function with two arguments.

Secondly, the area() function takes only one argument and calculates a circle area before returning the caller’s result through the return statement.

Save the script to a file called create_a_function_and_call_it.py with the following code.

# create_a_function_and_call_it.py

# Define addition function
def add(first_number, second_number):
_result = first_number + second_number
return _result

# use return statement to define area function 
def area(_radius):
_result = 3.14 * _radius * _radius
return _result

# add function called
print("Addition results: ",add(400, 300))


# area function called
print("Circle's Area: ",area(4))

After running the script, the following output will appear.

25. Throw and catch the exception

To throw and catch the exception, try and catch blocks are used.

In Python, the try-catch block is shown in the following script. The try block takes a number value as input and checks if it is even or odd.

If any non-numeric value is given as input, a ValueError is thrown, and an exception is thrown to the catch block, which prints the error message.

Save the script to a file called try_block.py with the following code.

# try_block.py

# The Try block
try:
# request user to input a number
num_val = int(input("Input a number: "))
if num_val % 2 == 0:
  print("Even Number")
else:
  print("Odd Number")

# The Exception block 
except (ValueError):
  # error message printed
  print("Input a numeric value")

After running the script, the following output will appear.

26. Read and Write file

The script below demonstrates how to read and write to a file in Python. The vector filename contains the filename.

The file is opened for writing at the start of the script with the open() process. And the write() method is used to write three lines to the register.

Following that, the open() method is used to open the same file for reading. And the for loop is used to read and print of line of the file.

Save the script to a file called read_write_file.py with the following code.

filename = "cities.txt"

# Open file for writing
fileHandler = open(filename, "w")

# add cities
fileHandler.write("New York\n")
fileHandler.write("Washington\n")
fileHandler.write("Los Angeles\n")

# Close the file
fileHandler.close()

# Open file for reading
lines = open(filename, "r")

# Reading a file line by line
for line in lines:
print(line)

# Close the file
fileHandler.close()

After running the script, the following output will appear.

27. List files in a directory

The os module of Python can be used to read the contents of any directory.

The following script demonstrates how to use the os module in Python to get a list of files in a given directory.

The script uses the listdir() method to get a list of files and directories in a directory. Further, the directory content is printed using a for a loop.

Save the script to a file called list_files_in_directory.py with the following code.

# list_files_in_directory.py

# to read directory, the Import os module
import os

# directory path 
_path = '/home/tuts/Documents'

# Reading file content's
_files = os.listdir(_path)

# Print directory's content

for _file in _files:
  print(_file)

If the directory’s specified path exists, the directory’s content will appear after running the script.

28. Read and write data with Pickle

The following script demonstrates how to write and read data with Python’s Pickle module.

An object is declared and initialized with five numeric values in the script. Besides, the dump() method is used to save the data of this object to a disk. The data is then read from the same file and stored in an array using the load() process.

Save the script to a file called read_write_data_with_pickle.py with the following code.

# read_write_data_with_pickle.py

# Import pickle module
import pickle as p

# object to store data is declared
data_object = []

# Iterate the for loop for 10 times
for val in range(10,20):
data_object.append(val)

# file for writing data is opened
file_handler = open('languages', 'wb')

# Dump the object's data into the file
p.dump(data_object, file_handler)

# close the file handler
file_handler.close()

# Open a file for reading the file
_handler = open('languages', 'rb')
# Load the data from the file after deserialization
data_object = p.load(_handler)
# Iterate the loop to print the data
for v in data_object:
print('Data Value : ', v)
# close the file handler
_handler.close()

After running the script, the following output will appear.

29. Define a class and method

The following script demonstrates how to declare and access a class and method in Python.

A class is described here, along with a class variable and a process. Subsequently, the class variable and class method are then accessed by declaring a class object.

Save the script to a file called class_method.py with the following code.

# class_method.py

# class definition
class Job:
  name = "Software Engineer"

  # Define the method
  def job_details(self):
    print("place: New York")
    print("Department: IT")
    print("Salary: $100,000")

# Create the Job object 
_job = Job()

# the class variable is Printed
print("Name:",_job.name)

# trigger the class method
_job.job_details()

After running the script, the following output will appear.

30. Range function usage

The following script demonstrates how to use the range function in Python.

Three arguments can be passed to this function – start, stop, and stage. However, the stop claim must be used.

The default value of the start is 0 when just one argument is used. range() functions of one, two, and three arguments are used in the three for loops.

Save the script to a file called range_function.py with the following code.

# range_function.py

print('The function range() with one parameter\n')

for _range in range(8):
  print(_range, end=' ')

print('\nThe function range() with two parameter\n')
for _range in range(8,20):
  print(_range, end=' ')


print('\nThe function range() with three parameter\n')
for _range in range(8,20,2):
  print(_range, end=' ')

print('\n')

After running the script, the following output will appear.

31. The map() function

The map() function in Python is used to create a list from any user-defined function and any iterable object.
The power_fun() function is specified in the following script to calculate the xn, and it is used in the first argument of the map() function.

The second argument of the map() function is a list called numbers.

The user’s x value will be taken, and the map() function will return a list of x power values based on the numbers list’s item values.

Save the script to a file called map_function.py with the following code.

# map_function.py

# power function definition & calculation
def power_fun(n): 
  return x ** n

# request user to input the value of x
x = int(input("Enter the value of x:"))

# Define a tuple that will store numbers
num_val = [2, 3, 4]

# use map() to calculate the x to the power n 
map_result = map(power_fun, num_val)
print(list(map_result))

After running the script, the following output will appear.

32. Filtering data from an iterable object with the filter() feature

The filter() function in Python uses a custom function to filter data from an iterable object and generate a list of objects for which the function returns.

The SelectedSport() function is used in the following script to construct a list of filtered data based on the selectedList objects.

Save the script to a file called filter_function.py with the following code.

# filter_function.py

# Define a list of all sports
all_sports= ['soccer', 'basketball', 'volleyball', 'netball', 'athletics']

# Define the function to filters selected sports
def SelectedSport(val):
  selected_sports = ['athletics', 'soccer','rugby']
  if(val in selected_sports):
    return True
  selectedList = filter(SelectedSport, all_sports)
  print('The selected sports are:')
  for item in selectedList:
    print(item)

After running the script, the following output will appear.

33. Script to check External IP Address

Needing to know your external IP address isn’t something that happens all the time…until it does. Here’s an example Python script that illustrates how quick it is to use Python for these otherwise time-consuming tasks.
This is a basic Python script for determining your external IP address. The requests and re-modules are first imported.

Save the script to a file called check_external_ip.py with the following code.

# check_external_ip.py

# script to check your external IP address
import re
import requests

ur_url = "http://checkip.dyndns.org"
request = requests.get(ur_url)
_result = request.text.split(': ', 1)[1]
your_ip = _result.split('</body></html>', 1)[0]

print(your_ip)

34. roll the dice

This is a traditional “roll the dice” game. Since we want to randomize the numbers we get from the dice, we’ll use the random module.

The lowest and highest number of dice are set as variables (min and max). After that, we use a while loop to allow the user to roll the dice once more.

The roll again parameter can be set to any value; in this case, it’s set to “yes” or “y,” but you can also add other values.

Save the script to a file called roll_dice.py with the following code.

# roll_dice.py

import random

def roll_dice(min_val, max_val):
  while True:
    print("Dice Rolling...")
    print(f"Your number is {random.randint(min_val, max_val)}")
    result = input("Do you want to roll the dices again? (y/n) ")
    if result.lower() == "n":
      break

roll_dice(1, 6)

After running the above script, the following output will appear.

35. Searching your PC for specific files

we’ll explain how to walk a directory tree with the os.walk() module function and match filenames with the fnmatch module. Also, we’ll teach you how to use the os.walk() module function to walk a directory tree and the fnmatch module to match file names in this article.

What exactly is OS.walk?

It walks the tree top-down or bottom-up to create file names in a directory tree. It returns a 3-tuple for each directory in the tree rooted at directory top, including top itself, i.e., dirpath, dirnames, filenames.

• dirpath # is a string that represents the directory’s path.
• dirnames # is a list of the subdirectories’ names in dirpath that do not begin with the letters ‘.’ or ‘..’.
• filenames # is a list of non-directory files’ names in dirpath. The names in the lists do not include any path components.

Do os.path.join to get a complete path beginning with top to a file or directory in dirpath (dirpath, name). For wild-card pattern matching, the fnmatch module is used.

Matching is easy

fnmatch() compares a single file name to a pattern and returns a boolean that indicates whether they match or not. If the operating system uses a case-sensitive file system, the comparison is case-sensitive.

The fnmatch module compares file names to glob-style patterns that Unix shells use. These are not to be confused with the more complex normal expression laws. It’s nothing more than a string matching process.

If you choose to use a different pattern type, such as regular expressions, simply fit your filenames with regex operations. This script searches the hard drive for all image files using the commands’ os.walk’ and ‘fnmatch’ with filters.

Save the script to a file called searching_specific_files.py with the following code.

# searching_specific_files.py

import fnmatch
import os

root_path = '/home/tuts/Documents'
_pattern = '*.mp4'

for _root, dirs, _files in os.walk(root_path):
for _file in fnmatch.filter(_files, _pattern):
print( os.path.join(_root, _file))